AWS C4.4/C4.4M:2007

This second edition of Recommended Practices for Heat Shaping and Straightening covers the shaping of metal products by prudent use of heat to obtain a desired configuration. The text reviews the theory and analytical calculations that explain how heat shaping and straightening occurs. Sample calculations and tables are presented for typical materials. General heating patterns and heat shaping and straightening techniques are discussed. Specific heating applications are illustrated for various sections.